Strategies for Effective Transfer Chute Design
The design of a transfer chute is sometimes constrained by available space, which often causes issues with fugitive materials such as dust and spillage. However, several features can effectively mitigate these problems. A primary concern in transfer chute design is ensuring operators have adequate space for maintenance. The enclosure should also be large enough to allow settling of air flowing from the chute; insufficient space can lead to dust escaping.
A crucial factor in reducing material spillage is centrally loading cargo onto the belt. Uneven loading can increase friction against idlers on one side, leading to mistracking and subsequent spillage downstream.
Off-center loading is common at non-linear transfer points where material direction changes. Blockages due to material accumulation, caused by factors like excessive moisture or large particles, can exacerbate this issue. Changes in material speed can also disrupt flow through the chute. 
Designers should anticipate loading patterns during chute design to prevent off-center loading issues, but solutions can be implemented in the loading zone to address them.
While training idlers and belt-aligning systems are common solutions, their effectiveness against off-center loading is limited. Combining these systems with deflectors or flow aids in the loading zone is more effective in addressing loading and mistracking issues. Various fixtures like deflectors, liners, baffles, shapers, screens, grizzly bars, and rock boxes can be installed in the chute to direct material flow and ensure a balanced loading pattern.